Letters: Beware US anti-abortion tactics in Britain
The slow creep of US-style tactics, such as prayer vigils, by private anti-abortion groups in the UK is worrying indeed (Anti-abortion groups raise stakes by deploying US tactics on UK streets, 31 May). But if the copycat trend continues, there is worse to come. This would be the move from private harassment to public harassment through legislation. Under the guise of "informed consent", a number of US states now require pregnant women to undergo a sonogram and, in the words of the Alabama statute, be offered a look at their "unborn child" before they can legally consent to an abortion. Impositions like this, which may sound preposterous (or at least unacceptably intrusive), have a way of taking hold as the politics of "life" work their way into official policies.
The replacement of British Pregnancy Advisory Service with the organisation Life on a government sexual health advisory panel seems a step in that direction, and suggests that those who support abortion rights in this country should be
Ripping up the raunch culture
The sexual commercialisation of children is an urgent problem – and while the Bailey Review – commissioned by David Cameron – is due to report its findings, parents must take a stand too
Growing up in the 70s, one of my favourite treats at the sweet shop was those boxes of candy cigarettes. How I delighted in flipping open the box, unwrapping them from the fly-paper and pretending to light the little white sticks, which came with the tips already glowing red.
My parents were intelligent, decent people who no doubt bought them for me because they were for sale – and because I asked. But fast forward 30 years – would I buy candy cigarettes for my two children? The answer, of course, would be no.
So how did this happen? After all, there has been no law in this country to ban them. Instead, over time, parents realised that giving children toy fags could encourage them to think it was OK to smoke, and demand fell.
For today's children, the equivalent of the candy cigarette is the toddler makeup kit and the T-shirts with slogans such as "Too Many Boys and Too Little Time". Just as a study in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine found that children who had those sweet cigarettes were twice as likely to take up smoking in adulthood, we're also in the process of working out that putting kids in sexy clothes before they understand what that means is not a good idea.
But as alarm grows over the impact on girls – and how it affects their self-worth – the issue now is what to do about it. Has the problem become so urgent that the government needs to use regulation to ban sexualised products from sale? Or should we hope that buying these items for children will become so tasteless that it falls out of fashion?
It will shortly be the job of the Bailey Review, the independent investigation commissioned by David Cameron, to make recommendations on the sexual commercialisation of childhood. Publication is expected on 6 June. The review is being carried out by Reg Bailey, chief executive of the Mothers' Union, a Christian group. As the author of Where Has My Little Girl Gone?, I recognise the difficult task he will have. After all, you can't legislate for taste. If you look at the high street, it's quite hard to find children's clothes with suggestive messages on them.
In the last five years, retailers have mostly learned that selling T-shirts with slogans such as "Future Wag" will be rewarded with bucketloads of bad publicity. What you are more likely to find are mini-versions of adult clothes, such as lacy camisoles, hotpants and mini-bras, displayed unhelpfully alongside teddy bear vests.
Beyond that, it's about the way that little girls wear these clothes – and that is something no government can legislate against.
After all, a denim mini-skirt might be fine for an eight-year-old, matched with a pair of woolly tights and boots. But it would have an entirely different connotation teamed with an off-the-shoulder top and a pair of high-heels at the school disco. And plenty of well-off parents think it's fine to let their 10-year-old daughters add "Cute Butt Leggings" to their wardrobes because they are sold by an upmarket label like Abercrombie & Fitch.
Commercial sexualisation cuts across class boundaries and is an issue that should concern everyone, whether they are parents of young girls or not. It is in the air our children breathe. It's not a tap you switch off with a few shiny new rules and regulations. It's more like gas that seeps into society at every level.
If the Bailey Review does suggest regulation, I would welcome it as a clear and unambiguous line in the sand that the sexualisation of childhood is no longer acceptable in British society. But legislation must be seen as a starting point, rather than a solution, because this is a deeply
Niamh Cusack: My family values
The actor talks about her family
The structure of my family is a little odd in that I've got three older siblings, Paul, Sinéad and Sorcha, then there's a 10-year gap until me, closely followed by my brother Pádraig. Then 11 years after I was born came my half-sister Catherine from my father's second marriage. Catherine was brought up in England but the rest of us were brought up in Ireland and by the time Pádraig and I arrived, the older three were on their way out of the nest and my mum and dad had separated, so really it was just my mum, Pádraig, me and my godmother, Kitty.
My mother ruled the world from her bed. Both my parents were acting when my elder three siblings were growing up but by the time Pádraig and I arrived, Mum was no longer performing. She had a very bad heart and was in bed a lot. I think because of that I didn't give her much trouble. She was quite an indomitable woman. She was formidable, really, in terms of her energy, and managed to get a lot of things done and influence our lives hugely from her bed.
I'm never quite sure when my parents split up, as it was all a bit vague because he did live in Dublin and the family thing was that he needed to live in Dublin because of his rehearsals, and I sort of bought that for quite a long time. An unusually long time, actually, and probably because that was easier for me to deal with. I think my mother deliberately shielded us emotionally from the split and didn't share whatever grief and pain she went through with me.
When my dad was around he was quite involved, but he was a bit of a Victorian father. He could be a bit distant but I got to know him much better when I became an actor. Both of my parents were older than a lot of the parents that my friends had and I remember that he came to pick me up from school when I was about seven and the teacher looked out of the window and then turned to us and said, "There is an old tramp outside," and I knew it was my dad as he had a tendency to wear bits and pieces of costume. He had a very particular style.
I prefer seeing my family one by one than all together. It can be a bit overwhelming when they're all together, and I'm probably one of the quieter ones. The older three are more natural performers. I'm very proud of my family and as I've got older I feel prouder of them.
I've become closer to my half sister Catherine since my father died. You can't engineer relationships, and despite being brought up in two countries with two mothers we still have a lot in common and a lot of similarities as people, and I really think she's great. It's weird how easy it is to just slot in. But I think that's genetic.
Before I had my son, Calam, I think I was living life in black and white. When you have children, life becomes colourful. Everything you taste and notice, how the world is, how other children are. I think life becomes much more vivid when you're a parent.
My husband, Finbar, and Calam are my biggest passion in life. My family and friends come second and then comes my acting. I think Calam's already decided acting's not for him. And that's fine. All I wish is that he finds something he's passionate about, the way I'm passionate about acting.
Niamh Cusack is appearing in Cause Célèbre at the Old Vic, London SE1 until 11 June, oldvictheatre.com.
TheatreFamilyguardian.co.ukA letter to … my sister (in law)
The letter you always wanted to write
We didn't like each other much at first, I think you'll agree. You were a young mother, at home with a toddler and a baby. I was a student in her final year, your brother's girlfriend. You told me you would have been scared to go to university in case you fell ill. I didn't reflect on the illnesses you had already suffered, I just thought you were a bit pathetic. I told you brashly that I didn't want to stay at home with kids: you've never said what you thought of that.
We became sisters-in-law, living near each other. You and your family had a converted Victorian terrace house: I thought it was terrible that you'd ripped out the fireplaces and replaced the stained glass in the hall door with reeded glass. My family lived not far away in another Victorian
Problem solved
I can't decide when – or if – to have children and other people's views are just making me even more confused
I am 31 and happily with a long-term partner. We both want children, although he doesn't want to force me and feels the decision is mainly mine. I have always been broody, loved being around children and seen myself having them one day.
Now the future is upon me and I am increasingly confused by other people's conflicting views, such as: "It's so selfish to have children in this crowded, environmentally strained world" or "You'll know when it's right" or "You'll regret not trying – it's all worth it and you're the right age now".
I'm also frightened by the allusions to pain – before, during and after birth – from friends who have had babies; by the immense responsibility, and by the sudden, irreversible change it will make to my satisfying, independent working life. My mother dedicated absolutely every moment to us, as I imagine I might want to, and I worry as she wasn't left with much of a "life" as a result.
I can't be ready yet if I don't feel it's right, but don't want time to tick away until it's too late. Every book I see seems to be for women who are trying to get pregnant, rather than trying to decide, and I don't feel any of my friends or family are unbiased if I talk to them. I also don't want to offend any of them by asking them if the life of seeming drudgery is worth it.
I have a long-term back pain problem, which I worry will be compounded before and afterwards with the additional weight I'd carry, but I think this is secondary to the psychological barrier. T, via email
It's very hard to give unbiased advice about such an emotive subject – everyone will be seeking to validate their own decisions. But what you might benefit from is some reflective listening, via a good therapist who will help you discover what you really want – and help talk you through your fears. I think this is key for you, because it sounds as if you need a safe place to talk through your fears without inviting those of others.
When I get deafened by too much advice and it becomes so overwhelming I can't think for myself, I try to imagine what I'd do if I were alone on a desert island. Try it – it could help you to focus on what it is you want and not what you think you should do, or what others want you to do, or what you might be doing to please anyone else.
We are biologically programmed to reproduce, but that doesn't mean it's right for everyone. I think it's laudable that you're giving it so much thought, but don't think so much that you paralyse yourself. I think it'd be a shame for fear to hold you back from having children if you otherwise want them, and vice versa.
I love motherhood and would recommend it, but I had a full life before that, too, and think there is also much to commend a child-freelife.
My first reaction to your age is to think, you're still so young. And you are chronologically young, but it would be irresponsible to say that you have years of child-bearing ahead: you might or you might not. And no test can tell you if you will conceive, only what your potential for fertility is, so I wouldn't advise getting any pre-emptive tests done at this stage (and a GP is unlikely to refer you for those unless you've been trying for 12-18 months or so).
You're taking a lot of baggage on that doesn't belong to you – other people's birth stories, experiences of parent-hood, your mother's experiences. You're not these people and your experiences won't be like theirs. Try to zone all the buzz out and find out what your inner voice is saying – and when you do talk about this, be careful what you listen to/watch/read.
Only take note of the useful, intelligent and constructive. I think you are very close to a decision but not there yet, so try to see all this as a useful auditing process.
Ultimately, trust yourself – you'll make the right decision.
Your problems solvedContact Annalisa Barbieri, The Guardian, Kings Place, 90 York Way, London N1 9GU or email annalisa.barbieri@mac.com. Annalisa regrets she cannot enter into personal correspondence
FamilyParents and parentingAnnalisa Barbieriguardian.co.ukThis column will change your life: The Golden Rule of Triggers | Oliver Burkeman
Before you press send, take a deep breath, says
The "fight-or-flight response" is one of those ideas self-help authors have wrenched with gusto out of its scientific context, with predictably messy results. The worst example of this happened to quantum physics (visit quantumjumping.com for exciting tips on how to use the theory of multiple universes "to pick up new skills… like painting [or] photography"). By contrast, and however much it's been distorted, fight-or-flight remains a useful way of seeing our tendency to react like startled animals when faced by stress. Speaking broadly, the prefrontal cortex – the reflective part of the brain – shuts down and the amygdala, the lizard brain, which is responsible for our animal instincts, takes over. Steeled for combat or readying for escape, we switch into "survival mode" – useful for running away from predators, but a misery-inducing approach to the manifold minor stresses of modern life.
There's an element of fight-or-flight involved, arguably, not only in angry encounters, but whenever we find ourselves doing things we "know" we shouldn't. Impulse buying, procrastination and compulsive eating can all
Your letters
Guardian columnists' kids: the great divide. Plus Caring for elderly in their homes and a response to Jon Ronson from Broadmoor
Since the birth of my first child 12
We saw our son die in Afghanistan
Chris Gray was killed by a Taliban bullet in Afghanistan, aged 19. His parents have relived his last moments again and again, second by second – watching his death on film
Helen Gray's son Chris was 3,500 miles away when he died, but she knows – second by second – what happened at the end of his 19-year-old life. She has seen the last things he saw and witnessed the desperate attempts to pull him back from the brink as he lay dying.
All this Helen knows because the final moments of Chris's life were captured on film. Frame by frame, Helen has watched her son die.
There are some frames that are still too painful to watch. But she knows what happens even in those because her husband, Paul, Chris's father, has seen all the footage, and told her everything she needs to know. It was harrowing, he says, but he knew he had to do it. He watches it still, sometimes, on his own, late at night. "The strange thing is," he says, "that even though you know how it ends, you watch it with a bit of you desperately hoping that this time, things will turn out differently."
Chris Gray died in Afghanistan, in a town called Now Zad. A private in the 1st battalion of the Royal Anglian Regiment, his posting there was his first taste of action. "But there's no need to worry, Mum," he told Helen, in a letter written soon after he arrived. "There's fuck all happening here." And he finished: "Loads of love, Chris."
Helen was thrilled to get the letter. It was 13 April 2007, just four weeks since she'd last seen her son, who had managed to get home for Mother's Day days before leaving for Afghanistan. Helen and Paul had always known how keen their son was to join the army, but they had never allowed worries about his safety to overwhelm them. "Except that, on that last day when we drove him back to base in Surrey, I remember saying to Paul, after we'd said goodbye, 'we're going to lose him ...'" says Helen, through her tears. "And I said, no, we're not," says Paul. "Because that's all you can say, isn't it?"
On the day Helen received the letter and read her son's reassurances that he was safe, Chris was already dead. "I went off to work," she remembers. "Then Paul's mother, who was living with us, turned up at the shop. I was just telling everyone I'd had a letter from Chris, and suddenly my mother-in-law was telling me there was a man from the army who'd come to the house, and wanted to talk to us."
Helen knew straightaway what that meant. "I freaked," she says. "I went back to the house, and I said to this guy: you're a fraudster. Our Chris isn't dead. He can't be."
But he was. Ten days later, Helen and Paul – and Chris's sister Kate, then 17, and his brothers, Liam, then 11, and Nathan, then seven – stood on the tarmac at RAF Lyneham as Chris's body was carried from a plane. "Nothing can prepare you for the loss of your child," says Helen. "It's every mother's worst nightmare."
"Everything about those days was sickening," says Paul. "The whole thing was just unbelievably awful."
Nothing, of course, could soften the blow for the Grays: the one sliver of comfort was that Chris had died instantly. "The army liaison officer, who was sent to us that first night, said his wound – the bullet had gone through a gap in his body armour, and pierced both his lungs and his heart – wasn't survivable," says Paul. "He assured us he'd been dead when he hit the ground."
Then, a few weeks later, a letter arrived that was to plunge Helen into despair. It came from Chris's platoon commander, Bjorn Rose; it was sent with the best of intentions, and in the hope of providing the Grays with every scrap of information they could possibly want about Chris's death.
But the shocking news was that, just after Chris had been shot, he'd been declared a "T1" – a casualty rather than a death. "I couldn't believe it," says Helen. "I couldn't read any more of it – this was different from everything we'd been told. I couldn't take it in."
Desperate for the truth, Helen and Paul asked Chris's platoon comrades what they recalled. "It maybe sounds strange how much you need to know," says Helen. "But it feels as though it's the final thing you can do for your child, to piece together the jigsaw so you know everything about his death. I needed to know every detail – and I desperately needed to know whether he'd died instantly or not."
Then came news that would deliver the Grays, once and for all, the information they needed. "We heard there was a film," says Paul. "It had been shot on another soldier's helmet-cam – lots of the soldiers in Afghanistan and Iraq have them. My instinct was to want to protect Helen from what it would show. Equally, I knew we had to watch it. I knew I had to watch it, for both of us."
Paul phoned the soldier who had taken the film and asked for a copy. "Watching it meant I saw everything Chris saw that day, and I heard the moment a voice shouts 'Man down', when Chris was hit," he says. "But what I could also see, very clearly, was that Chris had been dead from the moment he hit the ground. His mates battled to save him, because they desperately wanted it not to be true … and then he was evacuated by helicopter to a field hospital, and again the medics worked on him, hoping against hope.
"I said to Helen: he was gone, love. Because he was. And that's what we both needed to know."
The footage from those moments – now incorporated into a new BBC series, Our War, which tells the story of a decade's fighting in Afghanistan through the films the soldiers have shot themselves – make shocking viewing for anyone, let alone Chris's bereaved parents. There's something almost mundane about the way the soldiers weave their way through the long grass and abandoned buildings of Now Zad, before the shots are fired.
The film contains appalling horrors that must pierce Helen's heart: like the fact that, as his colleagues rush to get him away from the area where he's been shot, they keep dropping him from the makeshift stretcher they're using. "It's almost unbearable," says Helen. "That's my child, and he's been hit by a bullet, and they keep dropping him on the ground again and again ..."
One revelation from the film that has helped, Helen says, is the discovery that Chris's death was caused by a random bullet from a Taliban gunman. "He wasn't picked out by a sniper, and that's something I couldn't have coped with. To think that someone had taken aim at Chris and fired to kill him ... that would have been the worst thing. It's strange what makes a difference, but it's so much better to know that it was just chance that it was him who died. I'd hate to think that someone had picked him out to be shot." The Grays have moved back to Ratby near Leicester, the village where Helen grew up and where they lived when their children were younger. When Chris died they were based in Cheshire – but his loss, says Helen, made her yearn to return to her roots. She's glad to be back in the countryside Chris knew and loved, and where his childhood friends still live. She likes to remember his childhood, the happy times. "I used to watch him playing combat games on his computer, and his character would be zapped and get straight back up again. I'd say to him: 'If that happens to you, you know you won't just be able to get up again don't you?'. And he'd say, 'Mum, It's not going to happen.'"
She wears his silver ID disc every day, on a chain round her neck – he was wearing it when he died. "I'll never take it off – it's a little bit of Chris that's with me every day," she says. "Four years on, I still have terrible days – days when the grief is so bad it physically hurts my whole body. But there are better days, too."
The other children, of course, are a reason to carry on. Recently Katie, now 22, got engaged to Chris's best friend, Matt Duffy, a soldier in his platoon and one of the people who was with him on the last day of his life. Meanwhile, Liam is doing his GCSEs, and Nathan, well, says Helen, the truth is that Nathan worshipped Chris. And now he wants to be just like him. He wants to join the
William H Macy: May I be Frank?
William H Macy and his wife Felicity Huffman are indie movie royalty. But how would this great American actor cope with the most British of roles – Shameless's Frank Gallagher?
William H Macy was in a bar recently, when something happened that he isn't accustomed to: the 61-year-old actor, writer and "normal-looking Joe", found himself in the beam of unsolicited female attention. He puts it down to his latest role, as "a character who's surprisingly appealing to the ladies" – surprising because that character is Frank Gallagher, the drunken shambles at the heart of Paul Abbott's TV show Shameless, now remade for the US starring Macy. "I had to go home and tell my wife," he says. "Guess what? I